Lithops (commonly called „flowering stones“ or „living stones“) are true mimicry plants: their shape, size and color causes them to resemble small stones in their natural surroundings. The plants blend in among the stones as a means of protection. Grazing animals which would otherwise eat them during periods of drought to obtain moisture usually overlook them. Even experts in the field sometimes have difficulty locating plants for study because of this unusual deceptive camouflage. 翻译：lithops (俗称"石头开花"或"活石头" )是真实模拟植物:它的外形, 大小和颜色,使得他们像小石块在其自然环境. 植物景观中的石头作为一种（种植）保护手段. 草食动物,否则吃在干旱期间获得水分往往忽略了他们. 即使是这方面的专家,有时也难以找到植物进行研究,因为这不平常的欺骗伪装. In the wild, Lithops inhabit vast dry regions of southern Africa. Several areas in which these plants grow receive less than 2 inches of rainfall per month throughout the entire year. In an extreme situation of low rainfall, at least one species of Lithops depends on mist or fog to provide its main source of moisture *. Lithops could not survive in many areas that they are found were it not for their capacity to store water. In fact, almost the entire plant is devoted to this function. The "body" of the plant is divided into two succulent leaves fused together in the shape of an inverted cone. The fissure or slit at the top of the plant is the division of the two leaves. There is no stem as such, but rather the taproot joins abruptly at the base of the leaves. The structure of the plant reveals to the imagination the harsh environment in which Lithops live: the scarcity of water demands that young plants limited to only two leaves and a root system, as more extravagant growth would only serve to waste water. The leaves are thick to store enough water for the plants to survive for months without rain. The plants are small and keep a low profile to minimize the effect of the intense heat and light of their climate. 翻译：在野外, lithops占据广大的干旱地区,南部非洲国家. 在一点地方,这些植物得到低于2英寸的降雨,每月整个一年. 在极端情况,降雨量少, 至少有1种（种植）lithops取决于轻雾或雾提供其一般来源湿度*. lithops无法生存,在许多地区,他们发现,假如没有自己的能力,以利蓄水. 事实上,几乎整厂是专门用于这一职能. "体"的植物分为两个肉质树叶融合在一起的外形与一个倒锥. 裂隙或缝在顶部的植物是分裂的两片树叶. 毫无干这样的,而是加入taproot忽然在基地的树叶. 结构的揭示植物的想象力的严酷环境中lithops活: 水资源的匮乏,要求年轻的植物仅限于两叶,根系发达, 随着越来越奢侈增长只会浪费用水. 叶厚贮存足够的水供植物存活数月无雨. 植物小型及低调尽量减低强烈的日照和光线 其气候. The above information can be taken into account when growing Lithops in the home or greenhouse. Because they thrive in low humidity and need infrequent watering and care, they make ideal houseplants, providing the conditions of adequate light and proper watering are met. Care must be taken to select a well lit location for the plants. Because they have adapted to intense sunlight in the wild during their evolution, they need a good amount of direct sunlight when grown as houseplants. 翻译：上述资料可以考虑当越来越lithops在家里或74.3% . 因为他们生息湿度低,需要少交水水与照顾,使他们的理想houseplants , 所提供的条件充足的光线及适当交水水得到满足. 必须小心选择一个明亮的地点为植物. 因为他们已经适应了强烈的太阳在野外期间的演变, 他们需要一个好一点的金额太阳直接照射时,成长为houseplants . Lithops do well if they receive about 4 or 5 hours of direct (or only slightly filtered) sunlight during the early part of the day, and partial shade during the afternoon. Usually a southern window is the best location, unless it exposes the plants to full sunlight most of the day, which should be prevented. An unobstructed eastern exposure is a good alternative. A window facing west may be suitable, although not ideal, and of course a north facing window offers no direct sunlight at all. 翻译：lithops做好,假如他们获得差不多4或5个小时的直接(或只有稍微filtered )日光在 年初的一天,局部绿荫在下午. 通常一个南窗是最佳的地点, 除非它暴露了植物充分的太阳,一天的大部分时间,应加以制止. 畅通的东区曝光是一个十分好的选择. 一个窗口面对西方可能是合适的,虽然不理想, 而当然,面对北窗没有太阳直射可言. If the plant do not receive a certain amount of direct sunlight for a few hours a day (when the weather permits, of course), they begin to grow slender and elongated, leaning to one side to receive more light. They also lose coloration and the sides of the plants turn greenish. They will eventually die if better lighting is not given them when these signs become evident. In some situations however, it is advisable to shade the plants a little from intense sunlight in the spring to prevent sunburn, especially in areas that experience poor light during most of the winter. This is because the plants lose resistance to bright light during a prolonged period of overcast weather, and the sudden brightness of a clear day will cause them to become burned, causing a whitish scar tissue to form on the surface of the plant. A badly burned plant may be so severely injured that it may die. This is why you should expose the plants to bright light gradually over a period of several days if they have been in dim light for some time. This is especially true of newly purchased plants. 翻译：假如电厂不领取一定数额的太阳直射了数个小时(当 天气情况许可,当然) ,它们开始成长细长细长,一边倒获得较轻. 他们也失去了色彩,两岸的植物转色. 他们终将死,假如有更好的灯光没有给他们时,这些迹象越来越明显. 在某些情况下, 是否宜阴生植物略强太阳的春天,以防止晒伤, 尤其是在这方面的经验,弱光期间,大部分的冬天. 这是因为,植物失去反抗光明在一个长时期阴的天气, 并忽然亮一整天将使他们成为烧毁 引起白色瘢痕组织的形成,地球表面的植物. 一名烧焦厂可能会受到如此严重的伤害,它可能会死亡. 这就是为什么您应该揭露厂,以明亮的灯光渐渐长达数天,假如他们 已在昏暗光线好一段时间. 这尤其是新近购买的植物. Some growers provide protection against possible sunburn as early as April. An ordinary window screen should be adequate for this purpose. It would be best to remove the protection during winter to give the plants more light. If the plants get good light in the winter, you shouldn't have to worry about the chance of sunburn damage occurring in the spring. 翻译：有些种（种植）植者提供保护,防止可能晒伤早在2000年4 . 一个普通的窗口,屏幕上应足够供这目的. 十分好是取消保护,冬天给植物更轻便. 假如植物得到好一点的光线在冬季 您应该不用担心的机会晒伤损害发生在春季.Watering is another important consideration that must be taken into account. Lithops have a definite yearly cycle of growth. While it is important to water at only certain stages of the cycle, it is just as important to keep the soil dry at other stages of their growth. Do not become discouraged if the suggestions for watering seem lengthy and confusing at first. As you became aware of how the growth cycle operates, you will find that knowing when and how to water the plants is actually a simple procedure. 翻译：交水水是另一项重要的考虑因素,必须加以考虑. lithops有一定的逐年增长周期. 虽然它是重要的水只有某些周期阶段, 但同样重要的是要保持土壤干燥,在其他的成长阶段. 不要灰心,假如建议交水水似乎冗长而混乱的一次. 您知道怎样生长周期运作 您会发现,不知何时及怎样水植物其实是一个简单的程序Lithops are perennial plants which develop a new pair of leaves each year. The leaf markings of any one particular plant change very little from year to year, and no two plants have markings exactly alike. Lithops begin growing during the fall, continue throughout the winter and into the spring. In late spring or early summer, the plants will begin to go dormant. In habitat, it is necessary for their survival to rest during the long period of intense heat and little or no rainfall, using what water they have stored previously to last the summer. With the approach of cooler and shorter days of the fall, Lithops will grow again. 翻译：lithops都是多年生的植物,开发了新的一双它的叶片每年. 叶标记任何一个特定植物变化不大,从今年至2003年 而没有两个厂的标记一模一样. lithops开始生长在秋季,持续整个冬天,进入春天. 春末或夏初以来,工厂将开始进入休眠状态. 居, 这是必要的生存休息,在漫长的激烈的热,十分少或没有降雨, 用什么水,他们原先储存于去年夏天. 由于临近凉,短天的秋季, lithops将再度增长.

Fig. 1) During the summer months, Lithops become dormant, resting as they do in the wild, although as a houseplant the conditions are not so severe. The plants require little or no water when they are dormant. Regular watering during this period would almost surely cause them to suddenly rot and turn into mush. But if a prominent shrivelling occurs during the summer, it is safe to give just enough water to restore the firm appearance of the plant. Water lightly so that about only the top one-half inch or so of the soil is moistened. Never water deeply when the plants are dormant. 翻译：无花果. 1 )在夏季lithops成为休眠,休息,因为他们在野外, 虽然作为一个houseplant条件不那么严重. 植物需要十分少或根本没有水的时候,他们的休眠状态. 定期交水水在此期间将几乎肯定会使他们忽然腐烂,变成糊状. 但假如一个突出shrivelling发生在2003年夏天, 这是安全给予足够的水,以恢复外观坚实的植物. 水就这样,差不多只有回到一个半英寸左右,土壤含水量. 从来水深深的植物都冬眠.

Fig. 2) In the fall, usually in August or September, the plants will begin growing. The first sign of growth is noticed when the fissure between the leaves begins to separate. In the days to follow, a bud will force its way up through the fissure and shortly thereafter a white or yellow flower will unfold. The flowers of many of the Lithops species have a spicy-sweet scent. If a plant does not flower the first year, perhaps it is not quite old enough. Lithops usually must be three to five years old before they begin flowering: they have been grown as seedlings for two years or more in the nursery. As the fissure separates further, a new pair of leaves can be seen developing inside. As the plant becomes older, it increases in size by division. This will begin by one plant producing two pairs of new leaves. The plant will then have two "bodies" attached to one root system. Some plants in Lithops collections have as many as ten or more bodies per plant, but it takes many years to develop a plant of this size. 翻译：无花果. 2 )在秋季,通常在八月或九月,该工厂将开始增多. 初见的增长情况看,当裂隙之间的它的叶片开始分开. 在以后的日子效法 芽将迫使其出来,透过裂缝,过了一会白色或黄色花朵将因之. 花十分多的lithops种（种植）有辣甜清香. 假如某工厂不花的第一年,这也许是不太够. lithops通常须4时57岁才开始开花: 他们已成长为幼苗两年或以上的苗圃. 由于裂缝separates此外,还新建了一双叶子可以看出发展中国家内. 由于植物变得老,它增加的面积表决. 这将开始一厂生产两对新叶. 该厂届时将有两个"机关"附上一根系. 一点植物lithops藏品已多达10多个机构,每穴 但经过漫长的岁月,发展了植物的这种（种植）规模. In the wild, Lithops begin to flower and grow just after the seasonal rains have begun **. In cultivation, watering should generally begins from early to mid August for most species. Often a good drenching of the soil will encourage the plants to begin their growth cycles. It is safe to water deeply during the fall, and in fact is better than a shallow watering because the plants have taproots. It is important to let the soil dry out quite a bit between waterings: it should not still be wet when you water again. The soil mix should be a type that drains quickly and dries out relatively fast. A soggy soil remaining around the plants for days must be avoided to prevent rot. Regular waterings should be steadily decreased after the flowering period. Discontinue watering altogether by about late September for most species to allow the soil to dry out completely in preparation for the cold winter months. 翻译：在野外, lithops开始花卉长得经过季节雨水开始** . 在种（种植）植,交水水通常应首先从年初至8月中旬,多数种（种植）类. 往往一个好的drenching的土壤将鼓励厂,开始他们的成长周期. 它是安全的水深深沦陷期间, 而事实上,总比浅水浇灌,因为植物酸. 但重要的是必须让土壤变干一段之间waterings : 它不应该仍是湿当您再次水. 土壤结构应该是一个类型,水渠十分快干枯了较快增长. 一夜间土壤其余各地植物天必须避免以防止腐. 定期waterings应稳步下降后花的生长期. 停止交水水总共约9月下旬对大多数物种（种植）,让土壤干涸完全预备 在严寒的冬季.

Fig. 3) During the winter months, the plants will still be growing; the new bodies will be increasing in size as the old outer leaves begin to shrivel. No water at all should be given during the winter ... the soil should remain bone dry no matter how shrivelled the plants become. The new body actually draws out the water stored in the old leaves to continue growth, so do not remove the shriveled leaves. Lithops should not be exposed to temperature lower than 40°F (5°C). If the plant are too near a window during freezing weather, they will be damaged by frost even though the room seems warm, so move them back a little during really cold winter weather. 翻译：无花果. 3 )在冬季,植物依然会保持增长; 新机构将增加在大小如旧外叶开始萎缩. 没有水时,应考虑在冬季... 土壤应保持骨干不管shrivelled植物变成. 这个新机构实际上抽水储存在老叶继续增长 所以不要把瘪叶. lithops不应暴露于温度低于40℉( 5摄氏度) . 假如电厂是太靠近一个窗口,在冰冻天气, 他们将损坏的霜冻,即使房间似乎暖和 所以他们迁回a little真的在严寒的冬天的天气.

Fig. 4) The new body continues to extract the water and nutrient stored in the old leaves until the old leaves are reduced to nothing more than thin papery shells. These shells can then be easily removed from around the plant. It is spring by the time the plants reach this stage, and it is safe to water again to let the plants increase their growth. Begin by watering lightly, increasing the amount of water gradually, working up to several good drenchings during mid spring. Be sure to let the soil dry between waterings. Reduce watering as the heat and long days of summer approach, allowing the plants to prepare for their dormant period. 翻译：无花果. 3 )在冬季,植物依然会保持增长; 新机构将增加在大小如旧外叶开始萎缩. 没有水时,应考虑在冬季... 土壤应保持骨干不管shrivelled植物变成. 这个新机构实际上抽水储存在老叶继续增长 所以不要把瘪叶. lithops不应暴露于温度低于40℉( 5摄氏度) . 假如电厂是太靠近一个窗口,在冰冻天气, 他们将损坏的霜冻,即使房间似乎暖和 所以他们迁回a little真的在严寒的冬天的天气. This brings the discussion of the growth cycle of Lithops full circle. It should be noted that this serves only as general guide to the way that Lithops grow. Each species has its own timetable for completing each stage of its growth, and it is nearly impossible to alter. Some species bloom as early as July, others as late as November. Although the method of cultivation described above is suitable for all species, you may wish to vary the times of watering a little as you become experienced in recognizing the different habits of each. 翻译：这使讨论的生长周期lithops圈. 应当指出,这只是通常性的指导方式, lithops成长. 每个物种（种植）都有自己的时间表,完成每一阶段的成长,这是几乎不可能改变. 有些品种（种植）开花早在7月份,有人迟到11 . 虽然耕种（种植）办法所述是适合所有物种（种植） 您不妨到不同的时代交水水a little您成为经验,熟悉到不同的语言习惯 每个. An ideal setting for Lithops is a group planting in a dish garden, intermixed with rounded stones of varous sizes and colors. The plants then display their nature of mimicry to the fullest as they become almost indistinguishable from the pebbles at a glance. Pots that are about 3 – 5 inches deep are recommended to allow the roots adequate room to grow. Make sure that drain holes are provided for the pot. Use a quick draining soil mix (a packaged soil mix for cactus and succulents should have sand added at the rate of about 2 parts soil mix to one part sand by volume). Space the plants at random, poking a hole into the soil to accommodate the taproot and lower portion of the body. Position the plants in the soil so that about three-quarters of the height of the plant remains above the soil level to permit the plant to „breathe“. Collapse the hole around the taproot by carefully poking a pencil into the soil near the plant. Set a few pebbles among the plants and finally sprinkle a thin layer of coarse sand (or bird gravel) over the exposed soil. Some of the plants will actually seem to have disappeared from sight among pebbles. (Note – planting Lithops in terrariums is not recommended due to extreme humidity). 翻译：一个理想的设置lithops一批种（种植）植一碟花园 混杂整数石头大小和颜色. 植物然后显示其性质的模拟秀最充分,因为他们几乎变成斑斓的卵石,在 一眼. 盆,约有3 - 5英寸深的推荐,让基层充分施展才华. make sure that排水孔,是供壶. 使用快速流失土壤组合(包装泥土混合的仙人掌和多汁应堆加在 率约为2部分土壤结构,其中一部分由砂量) . 太空植物随机 皱孔进入土壤,以容纳主根和下部的身体. 立场植物生长在土壤中,约3/4的高度,核电厂仍高于土壤 一级让植物"呼吸" . 塌孔四周肉质细皱铅笔进入四周土壤的植物. 集数卵石的植物,最终洒上一层薄薄的粗沙(或鸟卵砾石) 裸露的土壤. 有些植物其实也似乎消失了视线的鹅卵石. (注-种（种植）植lithops在terrariums不推荐由于极端湿度) . Spider mites are troublesome pests that sometimes attack Lithops. Their small size often lets them go unnoticed, but the damage that they cause can be seen as small spots of white scar tissue on the surface of the plant. Any insecticide used for the control of mites that is safe for most houseplants can be used at the recommended rate per label directions. 翻译：螨是麻烦的害虫,有时lithops攻击. 规模小往往让他们逃过, 但是所造成的破坏也可看作是小斑点的白色疤痕的表面 该厂. 任何杀虫剂,用于控制螨即安全最houseplants能够用来推荐 每标签的方向. Concern has arisen in recent years about the hazard that toxic houseplants represent to small children. Lithops are non-toxic. In fact, literature makes reference to children of several African races sometimes eating these plants as a means to quench thirst ***. It should be stressed however that any non-poisonous plant becomes toxic for a certain time after insecticides have been applied. 翻译：关注最近几年出现的危险有毒houseplants代表的幼童. lithops均不含毒性. 事实上, 文献参考子女几个非洲赛事,有时吃这些植物作为一种（种植）手段来止渴** 但必须强调,任何一个非有毒植物变成有毒一段时间后杀虫剂已得到应用.

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